What is the sacral spinal cord?
The sacral spine, or sacrum, is located beneath the lumbar spine and above the coccyx (tailbone). It consists of five fused bones, forming a triangular structure at the base of the spine. These bones, numbered S1 to S5, correspond to nerves that control key functions and sensations in the lower body and pelvic region.
What do sacral spinal nerves control?
Sacral spinal nerves are essential for managing lower body functions, including movement, sensation, and organ control:
- S1 nerves: Affect the hips and groin area.
- S2 nerves: Control the backs of the thighs.
- S3 nerves: Influence the medial buttock area.
- S4 nerves: Manage the perineal area.
The sacral nerves also regulate critical pelvic organs, including the bladder, bowel, and reproductive organs.
What are the symptoms of a sacral spine injury?
Damage to the sacral spine is uncommon and usually occurs due to major trauma, such as falls or direct impacts. While the sacral region does not contain the spinal cord, injury to the sacral nerves can produce symptoms similar to those of a spinal cord injury. Common effects of sacral nerve damage include:
- Loss of some hip and leg function
- Reduced or no voluntary control over bowel and bladder function, though these can often be managed with adaptive equipment
- Retained ability to walk, depending on the severity of the injury