A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients, leading to damage. Strokes can manifest in different ways depending on the underlying cause.
The most common type of stroke, ischemic strokes account for about 87% of all cases. They occur when a blood clot or a build-up of plaque in blood vessels blocks blood flow to the brain. This blockage can result from a clot forming in the brain’s arteries (thrombotic stroke) or traveling to the brain from another part of the body (embolic stroke). High blood pressure, smoking, and heart conditions like atrial fibrillation significantly increase the risk of ischemic stroke.
A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to leak and exert pressure on the brain tissue. This type of stroke can stem from high blood pressure, head injuries, or aneurysms. There are two primary forms: intracerebral hemorrhage, which involves bleeding directly into the brain, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which occurs in the space between the brain and its covering. Immediate medical intervention is critical to manage swelling and minimize brain damage.
Often referred to as a “mini-stroke,” a TIA is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms mimic those of a full stroke but resolve within minutes or hours without causing permanent damage. However, a TIA serves as a serious warning sign for potential future strokes and requires immediate medical attention to address underlying risk factors such as high blood pressure or blood clots.
A cryptogenic stroke is a stroke with no clearly identifiable cause despite thorough testing. These strokes often pose diagnostic challenges and may result from hidden conditions such as atrial fibrillation or blood clotting disorders. Identifying secondary risk factors through further evaluation can help reduce the risk of recurrence.
Strokes occurring in the brain stem can have particularly severe effects, as this area controls essential functions like breathing, heartbeat, and movement. Depending on the severity, brain stem strokes can lead to paralysis on both sides of the body or impair vital autonomic functions. Treatment and recovery vary depending on whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic in nature.
Stroke treatments and rehabilitation aim to restore blood flow, minimize brain damage, and help patients regain their abilities. Treatments vary depending on the type of stroke. For ischemic strokes, therapies include clot-busting medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy to remove blockages. Hemorrhagic strokes may require surgery to stop bleeding or relieve brain pressure, along with medications to control blood pressure and swelling.
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovery, focusing on restoring movement, speech, and daily living skills through physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Psychological support is also vital for addressing the emotional impact of a stroke. Early intervention and consistent rehabilitation significantly improve recovery outcomes.
Take the first step toward recovery with Shepherd Center's renowned stroke rehabilitation programs. Our compassionate team of specialists combines cutting-edge therapies, personalized care, and a supportive environment to help you regain strength, mobility, and confidence.